Russula torulosa

Species typical of pine forests, with a hemispherical to applanate pileus 4 to 9 cm in diameter, vinaceous red often with ochre or olivaceous discolourations; ochre spore print; pinkish-red stipe, paler and whitish at the base; apple-like odor and acrid taste.

Cuticle constituted by filamentous, interwoven hyphae 2 to 4 µm wide, branched, septate with simple septa, with abundant cylindrical to clavate pileocystidia 4 to 10 µm wide containing copious encrusting pigment.

Cheilocystidia fusiform, 35 to 80 µm long and 6 to 9 µm wide.

Pleurocystidia of similar morphology, 40 to 110 µm long and 7 to 10 µm wide; both cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia contain abundant blackish-grey content inside.

Basidia cylindrical to slightly clavate, 35 to 45 µm long, 9 to 11 µm wide, simple-based and four-spored.

Spores subglobose, with warts up to 0.5 µm high, 7 to 8.5 µm long, 6 to 7.5 µm wide, ornamented with warts coalescing into short ridges, without forming a complete reticulum.